Study of the Structural Functional Paradigm

Study of the Structural Functional ParadigmThe structural-functional paradigm is a framework for the structure of society. The structural-functional entree attests that all initiates in the society works together in order to form a harmonious, sensible and stable society. This approach sees the society as a macro-level orientation. Each and every component is inter partaked and it is concerns with broad patterns that shape society as a whole. The larger social institutions of the society such as population, education, economy, government play very important employments on shaping our lives. The family is considered as the most favourable body composition of the social organization because family is the most bare(a) and closest social structure which every private attached to. For example, assume that if the students are not present, the teachers would not exist as well. Because there is an interrelated human relationship between the students and teachers which represents that the society is a complex system where parts coordinate together to balance and stabilize the civilization. Auguste Comte, the Father of Sociology said that it is very important to uphold the society together because many traditions were weakened due to the rapid change of the humanity. Herbert Spencer linked the society to the human body. For example, a society is composed by a large number of individuals as a complete functional group.In human body, many cells and tissues form the organs of the organism, such as hands, eyes, nose, m step to the foreh, ears, etc. unlike organs of the organism get down its unique features to meet the necessarily of the organism and to maintain its survival.Similarly, various social structures mystify its unique features to meet the needs of the confederation and provide a stable and balance society.Case Study of Structural-Functional ParadigmThe social structures of marriage and family create deep social and emotional bonds that give individua ls in depth systems of support and generate expectations ofsocial responsibilitywithin their members, achieving the function of creating social cohesion. Basically, spouses support each other financially, socially, emotionally and physically and are control to achieve by socially defined expected standards of married life. Families provide the same systems of support for all of their family members, providing healthy settings and opportunities for individual growth for the children. The structural functionalism purview sees the family doing its part by preparing its members in a way that will benefit the society. The family is like a body or system and each member performs vitally important functions. Similarly, the heart is dependent on the lungs and brain for the body to function properly. If one part or a person is not doing its or his/her part then it is said to be dysfunctional. The family is said to be not functioning as a whole and something is wrong with that family.Socia l-Conflict ParadigmThe social-conflict paradigm is withal a macro-oriented paradigm. The social-conflict paradigm is one of the ideas of Karl Marx. He believes that social-conflict is unavoidable. It is the driving force to improve and progress to a better society.Human beings compete with each other to acquire the maximal benefits. The social-conflict theory opposes with the structural-functional theory where the social components work together to stabilize the society. A person who poses powers and resources tend to oppress other groups which are lower social segmentation and this resulting in social-conflict. One will also be able to force others to accept his/her views if they have the authority. Social-conflict not only happens between different classes, it raft also occur in various religious, ethnics, cultural, etc. The demand of human beings is endless, when the most basic desires are met, new needs will then emerge. For example, pacers want to have a bike bicyclists wa nt to have a motorbike motorcyclists plan to buy a carThe needs and desires of military man are endless caused humans have to work hard every day to fulfil their desires. However, this phenomenon eventually leads to a progressive society because everyone strives to achieve their needs.Case Study of Social-Conflict ParadigmA conflict theorist ability ask, Who benefits from the current higher educational system? The answer, for a conflict theorist attuned to unequal distributions of wealth, is the wealthy. The educational system often screens out poorer individuals, not because they are unable to compete academically, but because they cannot afford to pay for their education. Because the poor are unable to obtain higher education, they are generally also unable to get higher paying jobs, thus they remain poor. The functionalist might say that the function of education is to educate the employees, a conflict theorist might point out that it also has an element of conflict and inequal ity, favouring one group (the wealthy) over other groups (the poor). Thinking about education in this way helps expand why both functionalist and conflict theories are helpful in understanding how society works.Symbolic-interaction ParadigmSymbolic-interaction theory focuses on the study of the relationship between the individual and others. It is a micro-level orientation which emphasizes the social interactions between the individuals in some specific situations. As people interact with each other, a persons self-awareness is the result of the judgement from the border people. The imageical-interaction theory advocate humans have their own self, and because of this self people play a role of others, and they gain the ability to look at themselves done the eyes of others.If one does not have the ability to interact with the people and society, the social stability cannot be maintained.Because of the shared reality that human created, the human social interaction can be stable, expand and maintained. George Herbert Mead says that symbolic-interaction has three characteristics It has an explanation on the behaviour of others there is a definite process, which means one is ready to tell others when they do something have a prediction on others reaction, which is able to predict what they do will cause what responses from others. This depends on the interaction between two individuals have a shared meaning of the symbol system.Mead sees society as an organized interaction between different individuals, this interactive form of organization depends on the role of the spirit, but also to establish an internal communication process on the basis of the use of meaningful symbols.Case Study of Symbolic-Interaction ParadigmConsider applying symbolic interactionism to the marriage. The things such as, commitments between spouses, a white bridal dress, a wedding cake, a wedding ceremony, a wedding band and flowers are the symbols of marriage. People relate some genera l meanings to these symbols. For certain individuals, they maintain their own perceptions of what meaning are these symbols carrying. For instance, one of the spouses may see their wedding rings as a symbol of endless love while the other may just see them as a simple financial expense. Much faulty communication can result from the perceptions of different people on the same events and symbols. Besides, the people choose to marry symbolizes that human beings need a companion for their life. It symbolizes that every individual needs financially, socially, emotionally and physically supports to lead a balanced and steady lifetime.

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Economics Essay

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Economics EssayEconomic integration evict be defined as the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating barriers only among the nations joining together. The aim of stinting integration is to reduce costs for both consumers and producers as well as to increase throw surrounded by the countries taking part in the agreement. There are various levels of economic integration which is unornamented hatful area (FTA), preferential administer agreements (PTA), customs Federals, jet market, economic union and also duty free zone. Economic integration was starting by the European Union. European Union was founded by the Treaty of Rome where it signed in March 1957 by six countries which is Germany, Italy, France, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg and came into being on January 1, 1958. The establishment of common external tariff of the six countries in 1958. Free trade in industrial goods, within EU and common price for agricultural good was achieved in 1968 and then restriction on the free movement of labor and capital was reduced in 1970. In 1993, all remaining restrictions on flow of goods, go and resources, becoming largest trade block in the world will be removed.European Free Trade Associations (EFTA) was tracked by seven nations which are unite Kingdom, Austria, Denmark, Portugal, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. In 1967, EFTA achieved free trade in industrial goods but only a few special provisions were made to reduce barriers on trade in agricultural products. However in 1991, membership evolved in EFTA includes Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Sweden and Switzerland. On January 1994, European Free Trade Associations joined European Union to form European Economic Area (EEA). North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was formed by United States, Canada and Mexico and this agreement will eventually lead to free trade in goods and operate over entire North American Area. It also ph ased out many other barriers to trade and reduced barrier to cross- trammel investments among the three member nations. NAFTA also have benefits the United States by increasing competition in product and resource markets and also lowering prices of many commodities to US consumers.Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN was established in 8 August 1967 through Declaration of Bangkok and now known as the ASEAN Declaration.1. Originally, ASEAN consists of five countries in Southeast Asia region, namely Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Singapore. However, now, it known as ASEAN 10 which is the membership expanded to ten countries includes Brunei, Vietnam, Kampuchea, Laos and Myanmar. The goal of the ASEAN is covering cooperation in economic, social, cultural, technical, educational, and so on. In addition, these governances also upgrade regional peace and stability with respect and abide by the laws of justice and otherwise comply with the principles of the Chart er of the United Nations (UN). The objective of establishing ASEAN is the first is to accelerate economic growth, social and cultural, second is inculcate and reap the benefits of regional development, the third provides training and research facility, the fourth increase the standard of living (agriculture, industry, trade) and the final objective is to form a close relationships and profitable .Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a semi-official organization which was formed through the first conference in November 1989, in Canberra, Australia. Now, APEC has 21 members which contributes Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, China, Peoples Republic of China Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Peru, The Russian Federation, Singapore, Philippines, Chinese Taipei, United States of America, Thailand and Viet Nam. APEC has grown to be an important intermediate in promoting open trade and economic cooperation in the region. The main objective of APEC is to accelerate the growth of economies in the Asian-Pacific region and foster a spirit of cooperation among member countries. One of its objectives is to maintain the organization and Development Division Asian-Pacific region for the benefit of the people and thus, contribute to world economic Development Division. And the next objective is to reduce trade barriers in goods and services between member countries in line with the principles of GATT without disturbing the economic interests of others.ADVANTAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONAdvantages of the establishment ASEAN and APEC are to increase the flow of employment and expertise between developed countries with developing country. Through cooperation between Asian, expertise or skilled labor can be absorbed into the State to help them improve productivity. anyways that, this relationship can also help Malaysia in producing highly knowledgeable labor force. This is because, people in Malaysia will have the opportunity to study abroad, and in particular in developed countries like the United States, Australia, Germany, Japan and Russia. So this opportunity will lead Malaysians to continue their studies at a higher level and the earth can produce a high productivity by using their skills and expertise. Thus, the output produced in the State will be higher quality and to a greater extent consumers can use it.In addition, skilled labor can also be absorbed into the State to assist the State in increase trim down productivity. Skilled labor in Malaysia is still not enough to improve the nations economy, especially in the construction sector.2Table 1.1 downstairs shows that skilled labor in Malaysia is still not enough to improve the construction sector in the country. Therefore, the government encourages the entry of skilled workers, and through the Asean cooperation skilled labor migration can be done. So, this skilled man position will help the government improve the p roductivity of State, besides being able to produce high quality output and can be exported to other countries. In other words the amount of aggregate merchandise exports to ASEAN grew faster than the average regional output. ASEANs total merchandise exports between 1988 and 1994 increase ranging between U.S $ 100 to U.S $ 200 billion.3While exports in Malaysia in 1980 were 52 percent and in 1994 the export volume has increased to 64 percent. Table 1.1 below shows the ratio of Asean trade and commerce in Malaysia ratio increased from 1980 to 1994.DISADVANTAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONThe disadvantages of ASEAN establishment are causing the loss of sovereignty of a State. principally sovereignty is the supreme power held by an institution in the political community to make a decision on matters relating to the administration and politics. The first philosopher to bind its opinion on sovereignty is John Bodin (1530-1596) in his book Six Books Concerning the State asserts sovereignty is the supreme power that is in a state of the union supreme power over citizens and the people of the region. According to him the supreme power is owned by the king or ruler of a sovereign power (absolute). Sovereignty is related to national security.4The world now has the wave of change in the dimensions of economic and socio-political environment, especially in the process of globalization. Generally the expression of globalization no difference between the terms of a neo-colonialism colonizes in the new concept. People who are weak in the mental and spiritual will easy fall in the midst of destruction. Humans will not have longer the values of modesty and personal lives. Eventually it will lead to the decease of civilization of a nation.

A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Essay -- essays papers

A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Throughout Jane Austens novel Pride and impairment , there are many references to the unusual character of Elizabeth Bennet she is seen to be an atypical female during those times. Wit , bravery , independence , and feminist views all describe a most extraordinary model for women.Pride and Prejudice is a humorous novel about the trials of marrying well in the early eighteenth century. It focuses mainly on the actions of two couples Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy and Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley. Elizabeth Bennet is a vibrant, headstrong young woman who is not too express emotion on the idea of marriage , whereas Mr. Darcy is an egotistical and proud man who improves on closer acquaintance. Mr. Bingley is Mr. Darcys closest confidante and is a very good man who is soft persuaded. Jane Bennet is the eldest of the Benne t daughters who is closest to Elizabeth and is also a very good-natured person. All of these characteristics play off of one another throughout the line of events to create many interesting situations.Jane Austen was the daughter of a minister in a small face town. Her observations about irony and hypocrisy in English society drove her to write many stories of such things especially marriage as that was a prime example of such traits. She herself never married. Elizabeth Bennets wit is both humorous and intelligent. There are repeated instances within the story in which she proves her cleverness and liveliness. Joel Weinsheimer believes th... ...64. Butler , Marilyn . Jane Austen and the War of Ideas. Oxford Clarendon Press , 1975. Chandler , Alice. Jane Austen Modern particular Views. New York Chelsea House Publishers , 1986.Halperin , John , ed. Jane Austen Bicentenary Essays. Cambridge UP , 1975.Heilman , Robert. E Pluribus Unum Parts and Whole in Pride and Prejudice . Jane Austen Bicentenary Essays. Cambridge UP , 1975.Rubinstein , E. , ed. Pride and Prejudice A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1969.Sherry , Norman. Jane Austen. New York Arco Publishing Co. , 1969.Watt , Ian , ed. Jane Austen A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice- Hall Inc. , 1964.Weinsheimer , Joel . Jane Austen Modern Critical Views. New York Chelsea House Publishers , 1986.

The Boston Police Strike :: essays research papers

The Boston natural law StrikeIn 1919, there was a ecumenical agreement that the Boston policemen had a great deal to complain about. They disliked their hours, working conditions and most importantly, their salary. After getting a raise in 1913, the policemen had asked for some other raise in 1917 to compensate for the high wartime inflation. By the time the officers had finally received that raise, the buying power of that extra money had gone down so low that the policemen were still having problems making ends meet. Another point of struggle was the long hours the officers were forced to work, including a night in the station house each calendar week and the special details. Lastly, the police force objected to the conditions that they were forced to work in. Men had to sleep in beds infested with all sorts of bugs and on the soiled sheets that were left over from the previous occupants. To division their complaints, the policemen turned to the Boston Social Club, a fraterna l organization founded by Police Commissioner Stephen OMeara in 1906.On the other end of the negotiating table sat Police Commissioner Edwin U. Curtis. Although Curtis considered himself to be sympathetic to the policemens demands, he refused to deal with the union. As the days went on, the situation grew tenser. On August 26 and 29, Curtis fired 19 workers for their union activity.This caused massive outrage among the workers and on Tuesday, September 9, the strike began with three-fourths of the force walking out. Realizing that the police force was gone, some of Bostons residents began to commit small crimes. This eventually escalated into massive riots that continued until 130 in the morning. The following day, the small fraction of the police force had much difficulty maintaining the order but by that night the National condom was deployed and the violence slowly came to a stop over the following couple of days.

Essay --

Arsons Through Vandalism Arson is the malicious and intentional setting of fire to a building, house, business, forest, vehicles, and other properties. This slip of fire-raising motivated by vandalism is common to many juvenile offenders between 10-14 years of age (Radell Smith, Jan 26, 2010, Yahoo Voices), usually as a end point of peer pressure or some type of gang initiation. Most type of arsonists dont typically live very far from where they commit their crimes. Commonly, they know the athletic field really well where arson has been committed. It was said that 30 percent of arsonist can be found living half a mile to a mile from the crime scene of arson, 21 percent live within a five-block radius, and the rest of majority of arson fires are committed by psyche living within a two-mile radius of the fire (Smith, 2010). Most of these offenders would flee the scene immediately after setting the target on fire, some would light to the scene of crime but safely keepi ng their distance to avoid recognition. (Welkman, n.d.) Arson has one of the highest rates of juvenile involvement and is a serious reality safety problem, therefore juvenile fire setter became as a major problem in the field of arson because of peer pressures or as a part of initiating a member to the gang (Robertson, 2010). According to Peggy Little (n.d.), there are more arsons in the United States than any other pastoral in the world, and the 1995 Federal Bureau of Investigation statistics showed that juveniles are accounted for 52 percent of the arson arrests. Most common juvenile arsonists comes from a severely disturbed post environment with one or no biological parents, with poor school work performance, has poor relationships with peers and the inabili... ...government agencies. Neighborhoods can reduce the likelihood of arson through awareness. Neighbors essential always be on a lookout for anything that is suspicious in their neighborhood, and make reports to proper authorities of detailed physical descriptions of any suspicious pack in or around their facility. Neighbors must know each other and be willing to look out for each other. Put the neighbor stake into neighborhood by creating a sense of cooperation. Neighborhood Watch can play an important role in deterring future crimes such as arson or burglary. Building a strong and good relationship among government agencies like local fire department, emergency personnel, and law enforcement could be beneficial for the confederacy in reducing arson. By making building safe and secure through these principles, society can help deter vandalism and arson.

Use of Images and Imagery in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Use of Imagery in Macbeth As defined in the Websters Students Dictionary, imagery is a figurative term which reveals translation by applying the five senses. William Shakespe bes usage of the imagery of animals, the imagery of blood, the imageries of clothing and weather, are frequently shown throughout the play. Through examples of imageries of animals, Shakespeare uses literary elements much(prenominal) as symbolism. Before Suncans assassination, animals, such as the owl and the falcon, emerged from the night and acted unnatural, even like the deeds thats done. It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, which gives the sternst good-night. In Act 2, scene 2, Lady Macbeth waits anxiously for Macbeth to return from kill Duncan, the King of Scotland. The step that Macbeth is leaping over goes against the rules of nature, and when thsi happens, animals and weather erupt. The owl is a bellman because, according to superstition, the hoot of the owl portends wipeout. He is fatal , perhaps because he death and horror. thus, when the owls screamed and the crickets cried, it symbolized evil and ominous doings. In Act 2, scene 4, Ross and an old man exchange accounts of the disturbed night and the recent unnatural happenings. Hours seemed dreadful and things strange. The heavens and animals are troubled by mans presence on earths stage, where he performs his bloody acts. The night has been unruly, houses and chimneys were being destroyed by fierceful winds, and everything was filled with dire combustion. The indistinguishable bird of darkness, the owl, clamored the night. A falcon, towring in her pride of place, was by a mousing owl, whose normal prey is a mouse. The night has become more powerful than the day or else the day is secrecy its face in shame. Also, Macbeths horses, the choicest examples of their breed, turned feral, as they broke their stalls, and were said to have eaten each other. Horses do not each other. Bizarre events occured the night Duncan was murdered by Macbeth. These dreadful events took place at night, a symbolic reference to the evil doings of men. There is a sense of fear, wonderment, amazement, and mystery. An atmosphere of death is symbolized by the air of the animals of the night. The raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements. In Act I, scene 5, Lady Macbeth has already planned the assassination.

Digging For a Living :: Digging for Living

Digging For a Living   In his poem Digging, Seamus Heaney describes a erratic relationship between a boy and his scram.  Their relationship closely relates to the one I have with my father.  Throughout the poem, the poets pen is contrasted with the fathers spade, using each as a symbol of their vocation and background.  Along the same lines, the relationship between my father and myself can be expressed through my keyboard and his pencil.  Heaneys poem tells of a boy and his father who have different callings for their career.  The father has worked on the familys farm his entire life, digging up potatoes and keeping up the farm.  The poet describes his fathers digging, as the title infers, with alliteration from the line low my window, a clean rasping sound when the spade sinks into gravely ground My father, digging (3-5).  The poet, on the other hand, would much rather be writing stories or novels than out in the field doing manual labor a ll day.  The father digs physically with his hands while on the contrary, the son digs mentally with his brain.  Heaney physical exercises a spade to symbolize the fathers ambitions, thus, representing his farm work.  He metaphorically describes the sons writing with the passage, Between my finger and my thumb the squat pen rests (29-30).  My father and I apportion the same type of relationship that Heaney and his father have in the poem.  My father is an architect and designs buildings for a living.  He spends most of his day at his drawing table, sketching plans for newly buildings.  On the other hand, I have a job that involves using computers most of the day.  He uses his pencil to get the job done, while I use my keyboard to get the job done.  When I was younger, he always wanted me to be an architect with him, but now he accepts the fact that I am not going to be an architect because I have a sufficient job in the computer field. Throug hout Heaneys poem, diction highlights certain words and phrases that look extra emphasis.  For example, in the line The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaft against the inside knee was levered firmly, the words chosen intensely impact the signification (10-1).  Lug, shaft and levered all intensify the line.  Furthermore, most of the words are parts of a gun, which is another metaphor used.